Venus is the second planet from the sun. It's average distance from the Sun is 0.723 AU. It is named for the Roman Goddess of love and beauty. Venus and Earth are called twins because they are extremely similar. They were created in the same part of the solar nebula.Venus is slightly smaller than the Earth.They have similarity in size, mass, composition, density and gravity. Venus's mass is 81.5% of Earth's and Venus's volume is 86% of Earth's. The mass of this planet is 4.8676. Venus's circular orbital period is 224.7 Earth days. There are many specifications for Venus. Venus has a diameter at equator of 1.21*10^4 km (0.949 Earth days). The surface gravity is 0.90*Earth gravity. The surface temperature is 470 degrees Celsius or 870 degrees F. The surface of Venus is drier than any desert on Earth. This is hot enough to melt led, and is hot because it rotates extremely slow. Venus earned the nickname '' the morning star'' because it's the brightest planet. Venus is so bright partly because sunlight is readily reflected by acidic clouds that obscure the planets atmosphere. Venus has the highest albedo out of all eight planets in the solar system. Albedo means the balance between the amount of light absorbed and how much light is reflected by the planet. Venus reflects over 70% of sunlight shining on it which makes it so bright. Since the moon reflects only 10% of the light that shines on it, that means when the moon is almost full, it may look a lot brighter than Venus. Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar system. Venus lacks an atmosphere because of the proximity to the sun.Venus's atmosphere mostly consists of carbon dioxide with clouds or sulfuric acid. There is a dense atmosphere that traps in heat in the runaway version of the greenhouse effect that makes Earth hotter. Venus's atmosphere is made up mostly of Carbon Dioxide. Carbon Dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is responsible for the astonishingly hot temperatures. The remainder of the atmosphere is composed of 3% nitrogen, 0.003% water vapor, and small amounts of other gases. The clouds that are above the surface are rich in sulfuric acid There's no water on Venus, although it has a very thick atmosphere. Since there is a thick atmosphere there's no craters. Particles just burn up before they hit the ground. Beneath the crust is a mantle of melted rock. There is also a metallic core. Scientists are skeptical whether the core on Venus is solid or not. Venus is probably the same size as Earth's core. That's about 6000 km in diameter. There's a lot of volcanic action in Venus and 85% of it's surface is covered with volcanic rock. There are over 100,000 tiny volcanoes and there are hundreds of large ones. There are giant lava flows hundreds of miles long and massive plains created when lava filled low lying areas. All of the volcanoes found on Venus are shield Volcanoes. Shield volcanoes are really broad and flat and typically have a hot spot within a crustal plate. One of the reasons why the volcanoes grew so large on Venus was because there is little to no plate tectonics. The plates are unmovable and the hot spot remains in the same place and recurrent eruptions make a large volcano. Venus does not have any moons. Venus has the second- strongest gravitational influence on the Earth. The drag of Venus is 94.1 percent of the Gravity pull of Jupiter.Venus's gravitational influence at its surface is 0.9 times that of Earth's gravity.
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