Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and is the second smallest planet in the Solar System. Mars is commonly referred to as the ''Red Planet''. It's called ''Red Planet'' because it's appearance is reddish. The appearance of Mars was what inspired everyone to give it this name. Its reddish color comes from the high amounts of iron oxide on the surface of the planet. Mars has mountain ranges, volcanic fields, ice camps, valleys, deserts and canyons. Mars is 141,600,000 miles from the Sun. Mars has many different physical characteristics and traits. Mars has about half the diameter of Earth. It's less dense than Earth's. It has about 15% of Earth's volume and 11% of the mass. The atmospheric composition of Mars is 95.32 percent carbon dioxide, 2.7 percent Nitrogen, 1.6 percent argon, 0.13 percent oxygen, 0.08 percent carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, neon, hydrogen- deuterium- oxygen, Krypton, Xeron, etc . Mars has a solid core comprised of iron, nickel and sulfur. The surface area is only a little bit less than the total area of Earth's land that's dry. Mars is a lot colder than Earth. The number of craters on Mars varies considerably from place to place. It depends on how old the surface is. The Southern hemisphere of the planet is terribly old and has so many craters. The mass of Mars is 641,693,000,000,000 billion kg. The Equatorial Diameter is 6,805 km. The Polar diameter is 6,755 km. The radius is 2,106. The circumference of the planet is 21,297 km. The noteworthy moons are Phobos and Deimos. Deimos and Phobos are captured Asteroids, and they are both covered with craters. Deimos has partial filling of some of its craters, so it has a smoother appearance. Phobos has a mass of 10,658,529,896,187,200 kg. The surface gravity of Phobos is 0.0057 m/s2. The diameter at equator is 22.5 km.The mean surface temperature of Phobos is -40.15°C. Both of these moons are shaped in an irregular way and may be prior asteroids. Deimos has a mass of 1,476,188,406,600,740 kg.The diameter at Equator is 12.4 km. The mean surface temperature is -40.15°C. The surface gravity is 0.003 m/s². The Orbital distance is 227,943,824 km. Mars and Earth have comparable landmass. They are both really small moons. They can't pull themselves into spherical space because they don't have enough gravity. Phobos has a distinct set of parallel grooves that are narrow. The moons are covered by thick layers of dust. Phobos surface cools fast from -4 degrees C to 112 degrees Celsius. Phobos is losing its orbital durability and will crash into the planet Mars in roughly 100 million years. The gravitational force on the Earth is nearly twice the gravitational force on Mars. Any rocket escaping Mars would have to reach an escape speed of 11,184 mph before it could turn its engines off and orbit the planet.
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