Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in the Solar System. Jupiter is named after the king of the gods in Roman mythology. Jupiter is the most immense planet in the Solar System. Jupiter is over twice as massive as all the other planets in the Solar System combined. If Jupiter had been more than 80 times more massive, it would have become a star rather than a planet. Jupiter's atmosphere is made up mainly of hydrogen and helium. There is 96% hydrogen, 3% helium, 0.4% methane, 0.01% ammonia, 0.01% Hydrogen Deuteride, 0.0007% Ethanelt. It has four big moons and smaller moons in orbit around it. It's atmosphere closely resembles that of the Sun. The massive volume of Jupiter could hold more than 1,300 Earths. The colorful bands of Jupiter are set in dark belts and light zones created by powerful east-west winds in the planet's upper atmosphere. It travels more than 400 mph. Jupiter's white clouds in the zones are composed of crystals of frozen ammonia. Darker clouds of other chemicals are found in the belts. Jupiter's white clouds are a combination of blues, browns, whites, and reds. They depend on their altitude. The stripes of clouds may change when time progresses. Diamond rain fills the sky inside the atmosphere. The most special feature of Jupiter is the Great Red Spot. This is a huge hurricane like storm seen for over 300 years. The Great Red Spot is three times the diameter of the Earth. The color of the storm varies from a reddish color to a little bit of brown. It can come from tiny amounts of Sulfur and Phosphorus in the ammonia crystals in Jupiter's clouds. Jupiter takes a little bit under 10 hours to finish a turn on its axis, compared with 24 hours for Earth, which makes Jupiter the fastest spinning planet out of all of them. This causes it to bulge at the equator. The mass of Jupiter is 1.9 x 1027 kg. Jupiter has a radius of 43,440.7 miles. This is approximately a tenth that of the Sun. The diameter is 88,846 miles. The diameter at the poles is just 83,082 miles. The oblate Spheroid is the stretched shape. There are many specifications of Jupiter. The equatorial diameter is 142,984 km. The surface gravity is only 2.4 times that of Earth's surface gravity. Jupiter's surface gravity is 22.9. Since Jupiter is not a terrestrial planet, this means it does not have a solid surface. The temperature on Jupiter really depends upon the depth. It has temperatures that are increasing that occur deeper within the planet. The surface temperature is -229 F. There are however levels within the planet that are a decent 70 F. Jupiter has at least 63 moons. They are typically named after the Roman god's many lovers. The four biggest moons of Jupiter, are called Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. They were discovered by Galileo Galilei himself. They are known today as Galilean Satellites. Ganymede is the biggest moon in our solar system, and is the only known moon to have its own magnetic field. The moon has at least one really thick ocean between all the layers of ice. However it may have several layers of both materials. Temperatures during the day on the surface average -171 Fahrenheit to -297 Fahrenheit. Temperatures at night go down to -193 C. 40 percent of the surface of Ganymede is covered by highly cratered regions that are dark. The rest of the 60% are covered by a light grooved terrain. The mass is 1.4819×1023 kg (0.025 Earths). The equatorial diameter is 0.413. The surface gravity is 0.146. The surface temperature is 156°C (-249°F). Callisto has a mass of 107,593,737,963,819 billion kg (0.018 x Earth). The diameter at Equator is 4,820.60 km. The surface temperature is -139.15°C. Callisto's surface is mostly greatly cratered and also one of the oldest landscapes in our Solar System. The composition of Callisto is both rock and ice. There's little amounts of water, ice, carbon dioxide, silicates, and organic compounds on the surface. The moon possibly might have subsurface ocean of liquid water over 100 km, according to Galileo. Callisto looks much brighter in the sky than our Moon when it is seen through a telescope. It's much brighter because Callisto's surface is composed of a extremely thin layer of ice. This reflects the Sun a lot more than the surface of our moon. Callisto is roughly 40% ice and 60% rock/iron. Titan and Triton are similar. The mass of it is 1.08e23 kg. Europa is composed of Silicate rock. It has an iron core and mantle that is really rocky. It's similar to what the Earth has. The rocky interior of Europa is surrounded by a layer of ice that is roughly 62 miles thick. The surface of the moon is covered by a salt water ocean. Since the moon has such a great distance from the Sun, this ocean is frozen across the surface of the Moon. Europa has a volume of Metric: 15,926,867,918 km3. The surface area is Metric: 30,612,893.23 km2. The surface gravity metric is 1.315 m/s2. The mass is Metric: 47,998,438,387,492,700,000,000 kg Scientific Notation: 4.7998 x 1022 kg. The moon Io has a distance from Jupiter as 421,600 km. The orbital period around Jupiter is 1.769. The orbital speed is 17.34 km. The
Equatorial gravity is 1.796 m/s². The mass is 8.94 x 1022 kg. The surface temperature is 130 K. The physical characteristics is that the interior is made up of an iron or iron sulfide core. It also has an outer layer that is brown silicate. This makes the planet look like a orange, yellow, red, black and white. Some of the names of Jupiter's rings are ''Halo'', ''Main'', and ''Gossamer''. Halo is 30,500 km wide, and 12,500 km thick. The rings are made up of mostly particles of dust. . |